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COBRA Subsidy Extension Means More Work for Employers

President ObamaIn December of 2009, Congress and the President approved an extension and expansion of a COBRA premium subsidy law that was due to expire on December 31, 2009. The program now runs through February 28, 2010, rather than December 31, 2009, and the subsidy period is expanded from nine to 15 months. Additionally, there is no requirement that COBRA coverage begin by February 28, 2010, only that the COBRA qualifying event (involuntary termination of employment) occurs by February 28, 2010, and that the individual is eligible for COBRA coverage.

With this extension come new compliance obligations for employers. For example, employers must comply with new notice requirements regarding the extension that must be met quickly. As the United States Department of Labor outlines in its FAQs, plan administrators must provide, as part of the COBRA election notice materials, a General Notice to all qualified beneficiaries, not just covered employees, who experience a qualifying event at any time from September 1, 2008 through February 28, 2010, regardless of the type of qualifying event. For qualifying events occurring after the December 19, 2009 date of enactment, this notice must be provided within the normal timeframe for providing a COBRA election notice. Some beneficiaries will be entitled to multiple notices.

Picture of the United States White HouseEmployers will also need to calculate any overpayments for COBRA beneficiaries who may have paid their full premiums upon receiving notice that their eligibility for the pre-extension subsidy ran out. Upon calculation of the overpayments, employers will have to decide either to issue refund checks to the beneficiaries or to offset future COBRA premium payments by the amount of the overpayment.

For more information on the notice requirements, as well as additional facts regarding the COBRA subsidy extension in general, please visit:
http://www.dol.gov/ebsa/faqs/faq-cobra-premiumreductionEE.html and
http://www.dol.gov/ebsa/newsroom/fscobrapremiumreduction.html.

As always, feel free to call the attorneys at Wright Penning & Beamer as well.

Dan A. Penning

How Businesses May Contest Personal Property Tax Classifications - Personal Property Taxes For Business

Personal Property Taxes For Business

There are two (2) types of property taxes in Michigan:

  • taxes applicable to real property
  • taxes applicable to personal property.

Picture“Real property” is land, and includes any buildings that are on the land, things that are permanently attached to the land and things that are permanently attached to the buildings. “Personal property” is anything that is not permanently attached to land or to a building. (Think in terms of machinery used by a business, furniture, equipment, and so on.) The State of Michigan taxes the personal property of businesses, but the personal property of individuals and charitable institutions is not taxed. And, even for businesses, some categories of personal property are exempt from taxation.

Personal property statements (Form L-4175; Michigan Department of Treasury Form 632) are mailed to businesses by the local assessor in January of each year and must be completed and returned by February 20. Although some assessors may ask that the form be returned earlier, they have no statutory authority to do so. Personal property taxes are then assessed for personal property located within the assessor’s jurisdiction as of the preceding December 31 (”tax day.”) If the personal property statement is not returned, the local assessor will estimate the value of the personal property and assess the tax accordingly. In completing the personal property statement, businesses must divide their personal property into specified categories, and then report the true cash value of all personal property in each category. The assessor, however, is not bound by the values or the categories assigned by the business.

PictureTaxpayers should then receive their assessment notice from their local assessor by March 1, but, in any event, by no later than ten (10) days before the March meeting of the local board of review. Any disputes must first be appealed to the local board of review at its March meeting. If not satisfied with that outcome, the taxpayer can file an appeal with the Michigan Tax Tribunal. Typically, that appeal must be filed by no later than May 31 of the assessment year. In some situations, the rules of the State Tax Commission and/or the Michigan Tax Tribunal may allow a direct appeal, without first going to the local board of review.

The Michigan General Property Tax Act requires that personal property be assessed based upon its true cash value. True cash value is presumed to be the usual selling price at private sale at the place where the personal property is located. Assessors are required to consider the advantages and disadvantages of location, along with the existing use of the personal property, in analyzing the values assigned by the taxpayer. The personal property statement (Form L-4175; Michigan Department of Treasury Form 632) requires that all items of personal property be listed by classification, and the responsibility for correct classification rests with the taxpayer. Classification is based on the nature of the property as opposed to how it is actually used by the taxpayer.

Prior to 2006, the net tax paid on personal property classified as “industrial” and on personal property classified as “commercial” was pretty much the same. However, as a result of Public Act 36 of 2007, which became effective on January 1, 2008, the Michigan legislature made personal property classified as “industrial” exempt from 24 mills of school tax, while personal property classified as “commercial” is exempt from just 12 mills of the 24 mill school tax. Stated simply, personal property taxed as “industrial” now receives an average 50% tax break when compared to personal property taxed as “commercial.” As a result, and, given the current economic climate, some assessors can be counted on to scrutinize closely the classifications assigned by taxpayers, looking for justification to re-classify industrial personal property as commercial.

PictureIf you are a business and you haven’t already received your personal property statement, you will. It needs to be completed and in the hands of the local assessor by no later than February 20. (Since February 20 is a Saturday this year, you actually have until Monday, February 22.) You will then receive the notice of your assessment in early March. Examine that notice carefully. If you dispute the classification of property or the assessment, the first step is the timely filing of an appeal with the local board of review. If you don’t file that appeal in a timely fashion, the right to dispute the assessment may be lost. The attorneys at Wright Penning & Beamer are here to help in any way we can.

Dan A. Penning

Classification Matters - Personal Property Taxes

Beginning in 2008, the Michigan state legislature passed a large tax reduction for personal property classified as Industrial Property. As a result, personal property classified as Industrial Property receives an approximate 50% tax reduction when compared to personal property classified as Commercial Property. Thus, some assessing jurisdictions are reviewing the personal property tax reports of taxpaying businesses and are re-classifying tax-favored Industrial Property as Commercial Property on the assessors’ internal records.

Dan A. Penning

Estate Tax Uncertainties

As you probably have heard, the federal estate tax rules changed radically in 2010 and will change radically again in 2011 unless Congress passes new legislation. This article will discuss what some of the changes can mean for you.

First, a little background:
The 2001 Tax Act. In 2001, Congress passed legislation which significantly increased the federal estate tax exemption and lowered tax rates. Among other things, the 2001 Act provided:

  • In 2009, the estate tax exemption increased to $3.5 million per decedent, with a reduced 45% tax rate on any excess assets.
  • In 2010, the estate tax is repealed for one year. In addition, the step-up in basis (which gave a “fresh-start” fair market basis for most assets of a decedent) is replaced with a more complex adjusted carry-over basis system.
  • In 2011, the estate tax will be reinstated. However, the tax exemption will drop down to $1 million and the tax rate will jump up to 55%. In addition, carry-over basis will disappear and the step-up in basis will once again be the law of the land.

What Happened in 2009? Estate planners universally expected Congress to extend the favorable 2009 estate tax rules through 2010. However, unexpectedly in December, the House failed to enact a one-year extension and instead sent the Senate a bill to make the 2009 rules permanent. Because the Senate was focused on health care and there was broad disagreement in the Senate on what to do with estate taxes, it did nothing. Thus, effective January 1, 2010, there is no federal estate tax and the adjusted carry-over basis rules apply.

Estate Planning Is Now in Chaos. Congress’s failure to act in 2009 and the possibility that it will not act this year make for an unpredictable planning environment in which any number of radically different changes may occur.

Here are some of the possibilities:
Congress may do nothing this year. While you probably will not die in 2010, you still need to consider planning for that possibility because not doing so could be disastrous. For example:

  • Trust language that allocates your estate tax exemption to a “family trust” could disinherit or place undesirable restrictions on a surviving spouse or other heirs.
  • Conflicts could arise on asset basis issues.
  • Passing assets directly to your spouse may result in higher estate taxes after 2010.
  • Congress may retroactively adopt legislation to carry the 2009 rules over 2010. If a retroactive law is adopted, it will most likely be challenged as unconstitutional and it could take years for the Supreme Court to rule on the issue. Until such a ruling, uncertainty will prevail. In any event, your estate plan should contemplate your dying both before or after a potential retroactive enactment.

Congress may act to address the tax issues, in which case it may:

  • Adopt a permanent estate tax exemption. If so, most commentators anticipate the tax exemption will fall between $2-5 million and tax rates will range from 35% to 45%.
  • Adopt a temporary estate tax exemption.

What Should You Do? Uncertainty makes it difficult to plan, but waiting to see what happens next is not a good idea. The earlier you can implement flexible tax and estate planning to respond to these changes the better. Please call us to schedule a time to go over your current estate plan and determine what changes need to be made to minimize taxes and to reduce the possibility of future family conflicts in these chaotic times.

Dan A. Penning

Blog Added to Our New Cottage Law & Cottage Succession Planning Website!

Blog Added to Our New Cottage Law & Cottage Succession Planning Website!

We’ve added a blog to our new cottage law website to post additional information about cottage succession planning, and for cottage family members to post their favorite memories of time spent at the family cottage. Please stop by and share your own favorite cottage memories!

Visit our new Cottage Law website at www.Cottage-Law.com for important information on sale, purchase, tax and succession planning issues for cottages, second homes and similar properties.

Visit www.Cottage-Law.com Today!

We’d love to know what you think of the new cottage law website and value your comments and input of additional information that would be of value to you to add to our new Cottage Law website!

Dan A. Penning

Protecting Your Business and Personal Assets in a Difficult Economy

In today’s difficult economic climate, businesses and their owners face increase risk of being sued. Given this risk, business owners should do all they can to minimize exposure of their personal assets with respect to possible liability resulting from these lawsuits.

Typically, incorporating a business is an effective means of protecting a business owner’s personal assets from exposure to claims against his/her business. However, simply incorporating the business alone will not protect personal assets if the business has not complied with the formalities and requirements that the law requires of a corporation. When a business owner neglects those requirements, courts sometimes “pierce the corporate veil” allowing a business owner’s personal assets to be exposed in satisfying claims against the business. Essentially, when the courts allow piercing of a corporate veil, the business owner has lost all protection of the corporation entity form.

The term “piercing the corporate veil” basically means that the law treats the business owner and the business owner’s assets as one complete entity, making the owners personal assets subject to liabilities incurred by the company. In those situations, the corporation is basically seen as a mere alter ego of the business owner.

Michigan courts look to three elements needed to pierce a company’s corporate veil:

  1. Is the corporate entity operating as a mere alter ego of another entity or individual, meaning the business is being used in furtherance of another purpose rather than its stated mission?
  2. Is the corporate entity being used to commit fraud or wrong doing?
  3. A plaintiff in a lawsuit suffered an unjust loss or injury if recovery is limited only to the business and cannot extend to a business owner’s personal assets.

Fortunately, under Michigan law, only extraordinary circumstances justify a disregarding of a corporate entity exposing the owner to personal liability; however, that is not to say that a business owner will never be subjected to such a claim, especially in these unprecedented economic times.

Historically, Michigan courts in evaluating the aforementioned prerequisites look to a number of factors to decide whether these factors have been met and a corporate veil should be pierced.

The court looks to whether:

  • the corporation is under capitalized (lacks sufficient funds to pay its bills);
  • corporate books have, or have not, been maintained;
  • there is a separation between individual and corporate finances;
  • the corporation is used to support fraud or illegality;
  • the corporation formalities have been honored especially with respect to complying with the terms and conditions of the Michigan Corporation Act, and
  • the corporation has paid excessive dividends to its shareholders.

Where the court decides that a plaintiff’s claim meets the prerequisites to pierce the corporation, the court will find an abuse of the corporate form and allow a claim against the corporation to pass through and attach to a business owner’s personal assets.

A business owner, in order to protect himself/herself from potential claims to pierce a corporate veil, can initiate steps to protect themselves.

First, a business owner should always keep personal and business assets separate from one another. This can be accomplished by using separate bank accounts and books for personal expenses and for the separate expenses of the business.

Secondly, always observe and follow corporate legal formalities such as holding the required number of meetings, keeping track of meeting minutes and maintaining a comprehensive stock ledger regarding the ownership of the corporation.

Third, usually an owner of a business will be an officer, agent or employee of the corporation. In business dealings on behalf of the corporation with third parties, business owners should always portray himself/herself as acting in the role of as an officer, agent or employee on behalf of the business as opposed to dealing with third parties on an individual basis. When the business enters into transactions or agreements with any outside party, that person must be aware and understand that he or she is transacting business with the corporation and not with the business owner personally. This can be accomplished when the business owner executes contracts, the business owner should list the name of the business and the business owner should sign in the capacity as an officer on behalf of the business.

In this difficult economic environment, people with claims against businesses are often more willing to make the extra effort to make a claim for piercing the corporation to obtain a judgment against the business owner’s personal assets. If you have questions regarding this issue or would like assistance with conducting an audit of your corporation’s records to assess your risk of the possibility of a plaintiff being able to pierce your corporate veil, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Dan A. Penning

2010 “Notice of Assessments for Michigan Real Property”

You will soon be receiving your 2010 Notice of Assessment for your Michigan real property. We pursue tax appeals both at the local Board of Review and before the Michigan Tax Tribunal.

We can help with . . .

* What to do with my assessment notice?
* When can I file an appeal?
* How do I get through the appeal process?

We can help answer these questions and more. Please contact us.

Haiti Assistance Income Tax Incentive Act

The HAITI Assistance Income Tax Incentive Act has recently been enacted into law to provide tax payers who give to charities providing earthquake relief in Haiti an opportunity to deduct their tax deductible donations on either their 2009 or 2010 tax returns. Only cash contributions are eligible as opposed to contributions of property. Tax payers must itemize deductions on their tax returns in order to benefit from the Act. Qualifying contributions must be made to an organization that is assisting with the relief efforts as approved by the IRS which are listed in IRS Publication 78.

If you have questions, please feel free to contact Wright Penning & Beamer.